Wednesday, February 8, 2017

Let's learn about TBM and the surgeries




Tracheomalacia (TM)

In a normal trachea, there is cartilage on 3 sides of the trachea with a small section on the posterior (back) that does not.  Tracheomalacia (TM) can happen in different ways but the most common is that the posterior of the trachea collapses in on exhale usually because the trachea is shaped a little different and that uncartilaged area is bigger than normal.  




 When assessing the trachea, they look for a few things when classifying TM, like location, character and severity.  

The location is important because each area of the airway has different structures surrounding that can cause issues and could have a different solution.  

The character is how the airway collapses.  Landrie's was classified as "D - Combined" in the image below.  The posterior was collapsing in along with an anterior compression from the innominate artery

The severity of the collapse is the amount the airway collapses or is compressed.  They like to assess this with regular breathing and forceful breathing like a cough.  Landrie's was almost all the way with regular breathing and 100% with forceful breathing. 

Now that we know a little bit more about TM and what causes it.  Here's a little info on the surgeries that Landrie was going to have done. 



Posterior Tracheopexy

Dr. Jennings created this surgery about 3 years ago and as of now he is the only one that does it but there is talk of training other doctors. 

In very simple terms…. they move the esophagus over a little and suture the posterior wall of the trachea to the spine.  This holds the trachea open.  


Descending Aortopexy

 Landrie’s Left mainstem bronchus was severely compressed between the Pulmonary Artery and Descending Aorta. In order to relieve the compression, they do a Descending Aortopexy....move and suture the descending aorta to the spine. 


 





Dr. Jennings talks about a lot of this stuff at Grand Rounds.  Here is a link to the youtube video of it.  It is a very interesting listen.  A couple of his fellow doctors in his team also talk.                              



Monday, February 6, 2017

Evaluation at Boston Childrens Hospital



September 27 – October 1, 2016

Boston here we come!

Having your child have tests and procedures is hard enough, but planning these things far from home adds another layer of anxiety to it.  I did a ton of research on flights, hotels/housing options, taxis, restaurants, etc.  Boston Childrens Hospital (BCH) has family housing available for families going to the hospital.  Space is limited though so wasn’t sure if we would get in.  Initially, we had planned for all of us going….myself, husband, son and Landrie.  When I talked to the housing coordinator, they only had a small room available for the dates we needed.  The room would only fit 2 people.  So we made a quick decision to have just Landrie and I go.  I booked our flights and reserved the room at the housing.  And prayed that Landrie would stay pneumonia free. 



September 27 – Landrie and I flew to Boston.  This was her first airplane ride and my first time flying with a young child.  I was nervous to say the least.  She sounded really junky and wheezy.  I thought that was good for the doctors to see her like that but was a bit worried on how the plane ride would go.  But she did great.  We took a taxi to the housing we were staying at which was just a few blocks from the hospital.  We were in a room with a bed, tv and a little bit of storage space.  There was a shared kitchen, several bathrooms, playroom and laundry room.  It’s a different environment than we are used to so took a little time to get adjusted.  





September 28 – This was a very busy day at the hospital.  Landrie had an echocardiogram and an EKG.  We met with the Cardiologist afterwards to go over the results and her history.  He said her heart rate was a little high but otherwise the tests were fine.  She has had a history of tachycardia with having a 24 hour holster that came back fine other than the tachycardia so he wasn’t too concerned about it but did want to see the reports for those old tests.  He cleared her for surgery.  She than had an esophagram (fluoroscopy).  She had to drink barium while they took a special extra to check the structural aspects of her esophagus.  They did not see any narrowings or abnormal connections.  Next we met with GI, Pulmonary and Cardiothoracic surgeon (Dr. Jennings).  We went over her history.  Based on that and the videos I showed them of her breathing….they all believed her trachea is most likely severely collapsing….Tracheomalacia.  She was wheezy when pulmonary listened to her so they decided to add another breathing med to her regime.  We are to give her Qvar inhaler 2 times per day.  Qvar is a steroid that helps reduce inflammation in the airway.  I was amazed at how well Landrie handled all these appointments…it was a crazy day.  I was also very impressed with meeting the team of doctors….they really know there stuff.  It was refreshing being able to talk to doctors who get it.  


September 29 – We had to be at the hospital early for a sedated CT scan to check out the airway and surrounding structures.  She did very well during the CT scan and recovered from the sedation quickly.  We met with ENT afterwards.  He did a Laryngoscopy in the office.  He agreed with our home ENT…..her LM was minimal, adenoids and vocal cords looked good.  Tonsils were moderately swelled and with sleep study results should come out.  Next we were off to Pre-Op.  This was an easy but long appointment.  Had to meet several people and answer a bunch of questions.  They approved her for anesthesia for her scopes the next day.  Found it amusing that they had to approve her for anesthesia for the scopes but not the CT scan this morning…..Not sure what the difference is.  When we were done we went to a nice park that was near the housing were staying at.  It was a nice day and was great to let her run off some energy after being cooped up so much.  When we got back to the housing, she got to play with some of the other kids staying there.  She had a great time!






 September 30 – Landrie went for the triple scope today.  They were running about an hour behind so it was a really long 2.5 hour wait in the pre-op area.  I hate that area!  She had fun riding on the cars…mommy got her exercise doing laps with her around pre-op.  ENT and GI came out first.  ENT said that he confirmed what he saw on the Larygnoscopy.  He also checked her for a cleft and she didn’t have one.  He said that they could already see quite a bit of compression in the trachea and bronchials.  GI said that all looked good.  Said that pulmonary was taking over…that they were lightening the sedation.  Pulmonary came out and said that the back wall of trachea was severely collapsing.  It was collapsing almost all the way with regular breathing and completely with forced exhale like a cough.  He said that the Aortopexy she had at 7 months had failed, so she also had a severe anterior compression on trachea.  Her bronchial tubes were also severely collapsing.  The left main stem bronchus was really bad….on top of the collapse, it also was being compressed between the descending aorta and pulmonary artery.  He said her lungs were full of secretions….they kept sucking more and more junk out.  From the look on his face, it was really bad.  They hadn’t planned on doing a lung wash, but with how much secretions they sucked out…they sent it off to the lab to make sure the antibiotics she was on was keeping the bacteria at bay.  Information overload!  He leaned into me and said….”I know this is a lot and not good, but WE CAN FIX HER.”  Yes….that is what I want to hear.  I made a couple phone calls while I waited for them to call me back to recovery.  It seemed to be taking longer than usual and I started to worry.  Finally, they did call me back.  They recovery nurse told me she was struggling.  Her oxygen levels had been low and she needed oxygen.  She kept getting mucous plugs so they had to do chest PT and suction her several times.  She sounded terrible!  The nurse said they were getting our room ready….Um…What???  We weren’t supposed to be admitted and had an early flight home the next day.  The nurse asked me what I wanted to do….I told her that if she needed to be admitted, than admit and I would reschedule our flight.  But if she was ok, than I wanted to leave as planned.  The nurse said they would see how she does the next couple of hours and then determine if she would be admitted or not and that she would do what she could to try to get her good to leave.  I give that nurse lots of credit…she worked her butt off getting Landrie better.  She did lots of chest PT and suctioning.  We talked quite a bit about her history.  After a while, the nurse said that she was comfortable letting us leave since it seemed like I knew what to do for her and when to bring her in.  Dr. Jennings came to talk to me while we were in recovery.  He also talked about the massive amount of secretions they found in her airway.  He said that her left lung was moving no air it was so full.  The right was better but not great.  So I said that she is pretty much running around with half a functioning lung.  And he said yes.  I asked how is that possible……She is very active.  She has her struggles but looking at her you would never imagine it was that bad.  He told me that that is all she has ever known…these kids adapt very well.  The problem is that eventually her lungs would not be able to handle it and she would end up needing to be intubated to breathe.  They were surprised we hadn’t already ended up there.  He said this can also cause permanent damage in the lungs…called Bronchiectasis.  There was no thinking needed to decide to go forward with surgery.  After quite a few hours in recovery, we were finally discharged back to the housing.  She sounded horrible most of the night but she stayed stable.  So the next day we flew home as planned.